Palestine under Ottoman Rule
Palestine stands out due to its advantageous position and plenty of resources. Trade caravans from Asia, India, and the Arabian Peninsula use its location as a passageway to reach the ports of Palestine on the Mediterranean Sea and eventually Europe. Aside from its religious significance and the holiness of its soil, which contains the Al-Aqsa Mosque, Palestine has endured endless warfare as many empires have fought for control of its position. The British Mandate, the last of these empires, led to the Israeli occupation and settlement of Palestinian territory and a large-scale Jewish migration.
Following the Ottomans' 1517 conquest of the Mamluks and the Ottoman Empire's conquest of Palestine in 1516 as a result of the Battle of Marj Dabiq, which took place on August 23, that year, the Ottomans gained control of Egypt and the Levant.
The Ottoman era, which lasted nearly four centuries and saw the empire go through cycles of strength and weakness, began with this. During this period, European influence in the Arab world grew, as Palestine was incorporated into the administrative division of the Ottoman Empire known as the "Syrian Province," which comprised five districts, including Jerusalem, which the Ottomans gave special attention to, particularly under the rule of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, who ruled in 1520 AD. Jerusalem, Gaza, Safad, Nablus, and Al-Lajjun were among the five "Sanjaks" that made up the nation; all were under the province of Damascus, although the locals enjoyed a great deal of autonomy. Suleiman the Magnificent renovated Jerusalem's public buildings in 1537.
During the Ottoman era, several families and entities controlled different regions of Palestine and the Levant, with their loyalties varying from hatred towards the central state.
The dissident Ottoman ruler Muhammad Ali Pasha despatched his son Ibrahim Pasha on a campaign to the Syrian province on November 2, 1831. The province was ruled by the Alawite people for ten years (until February 19, 1841). On May 14, 1834, a revolt against Ibrahim's rule took place at this time, and it was put down in a few of months.
The major powers of the day were compelled to leave the territories they had established because they did not acknowledge the victories of Muhammad Ali and his son Ibrahim. A law permitting foreigners to acquire land was issued by the Ottoman Empire in 1869. In 1875, the first secret society opposing Ottoman control was founded in Beirut, and similar groups soon expanded throughout the province of Syria.